ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 17402 First edition 2008-06-15 Soil quality Requirements and guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soil and soil materials QualitedusolLignesdirectricespourlaselection etI'applicationdes methodesd'évaluation de labiodisponibilite des contaminants dansle soletlesmateriauxdusol Reference number ISO 17402:2008(E) @ISO2008 ISO 17402:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56·CH-1211Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii @ ISO 2008 All rights reserved ISO17402:2008(E) Contents Page Foreword. Introduction .vi 1 Scope.. 2 Normative references. 3 Terms and definitions.. 4 Bioavailability in relation toassessment ofsoil function 4.1 Soilfunctionsandorganismstoprotect 4.2 Risk assessment.... 4.3 Protectiongoals.. 5 Concepts of bioavailability... 5.1 .8 5.2 Linksbetweenbioavailabilityand biologicaleffects and/orbioaccumulation 6 Description of methods to assess bioavailability... 11 6.1 11 6.2 Assessment of bioavailability using chemical test methods ..... 6.3 Assessmentofbioavailabilityusingecotoxicologicaltestmethods.. .13 7 Pathways related to soil quality (both organism and soil).. .14 7.1 General.. 14 7.2 Human...... 14 7.2.1 General 14 7.2.2 Soil ingestion. 14 7.2.3 Dermal contact. 15 7.2.4 Inhalation of soil.... 7.2.5 Groundwaterused fordrinking water. 15 7.3 Exposure of higher animals. 15 7.4 Exposureof soil organisms .. 15 7.4.1 15 7.4.2 Exposure of soil micro-organisms .. 15 7.4.3 Exposure of soil invertebrates (micro-, meso-and macro-fauna) 16 7.5 8 Availablemethodsto measure bioavailability 17 8.1 General 17 8.2 Chemical methods to measure environmental availability.. 8.2.1 17 8.2.2 Methods for soil ingestion...... 8.2.3 Methods for dermal uptake... 19 8.2.4 Methods for plants .... 19 8.2.5 Methods forleaching from the solid phase to the soil solution.. 19 8.2.6 Methods for biodegradation.... 8.2.7 Methods for soil organisms... 20 8.2.8 Availableandpromisingchemical methodstomeasurebioavailability.... 20 8.3 Ecotoxicological test methods to measure bioavailability ..... 22 9 Requirements.... 25 9.1 General.. .25 9.2 Requirementsforselection andapplication.. 25 9.2.1 Requirements for selection .... 25 9.2.2 Requirements forapplication... 26 @ IS0 2008 All rights reserved ili ISO17402:2008(E) 9.3 Requirements fordevelopment.... AnnexA (informative)Bioavailabilityinrelationtobiodegradability Annex B(informative)International Standards forthe determination of thetoxicity of chemicals on sediment organisms (laboratorytests)... ..30 Bibliography iv ISO 2008 -All rights reserved ISO 17402:2008(E) Foreword IsO (the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (iSO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IsO non-governmental, in liaison with IsO, also take part in the work. Iso collaborates closely ywith the InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(lEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/lEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees